IB Physics Where does the Sun's energy come from?

A tutorial work sheet on the topic of the source of the Sun’s energy. As this is a source of confusion in student answers, study points are taken from the article by E G Thomas, What’s so special about E = m c2, separating the myth from the truth, Eur. J. Phys., 26, (2005), S125.

1. The Sun is getting its energy by rearranging protons into a more stable form of a helium nucleus. In this process the energy that is released comes from the binding energy of the helium nucleus.
2. The Sun does not turn matter into glowing energy.